The outer gums and inner bone surrounding the tooth together form the periodontium, which is the foundation of the tooth

Disease of the gums and underlying bone happens because of the accumulation of plaque and calculus around the tooth. The origin of these is food stagnation between teeth. If the accumulation is soft, it is called plaque and if it hardens, it is called calculus.

Gum disease will cause bleeding gums, bad odour, mobile teeth, and in the worst possible scenario, exfoliation of the tooth

The significant issue with gum problems is the absence of pain and hence tends to get neglected, leading to loss of gum and bone attachment, mostly which is Irreversible

Oral prophylaxis procedures, commonly referred to as scaling, have to be done periodically

When plaque and calculus accumulate within the gums, curettage is to be done to remove granulation issues, which causes severe bone loss

Flap surgery is done when the virulence of gum disease is severe

When bone loss is severe, bone grafts using autogenous or heterogeneous materials can be done